The first phase is the translation of texts into the target language. The translators have received at least an undergraduate education in the relevant field of the text to be translated, and have a high level of linguistic competence and translation experience. In addition to the academic competence they possess in their fields and related knowledge of content and terminology, they have comprehensive understanding of the performance of academic studies. In academic translation, high-level language competence is useless without knowledge of the relevant academic field and its terminology. To avoid semantic shifts, our translators complete the translation phase by remaining faithful to the source text. If the translator encounters difficulties in the text, our project manager serves as a bridge between the translator and the author to enable these matters to be clarified and ensure that the author’s meaning is reflected accurately in the translation.
